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Significance Feeding the increasing world population continues to be a great challenge in agriculture. In this study, we demonstrate that OsRac1 Rho-like GTPase from plants (ROP GTPase), an important signaling protein, promotes rice grain yield at least in part through its promotion of grain size. OsRac1 increases grain size by regulating OsMAPK6 and enhancing cell division, another signaling molecule recently shown to promote cell division and grain size in rice. Hence, this study has established a ROP GTPase signaling pathway that regulates grain size in rice, and has potentially illuminated a strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity.

The Rho-family GTPase OsRac1 controls rice grain size and yield by regulating cell division