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Significance Periodic pigment patterns, such as spots and stripes, are often observed in animal skin; however, we should learn more the molecular and cellular mechanisms for patterning. Here, we examined the black and yellow stripes in the Japanese quail avian model. Using melanocyte transplantation, we found that the periodic pattern is formed by melanocytes cell autonomously. Genetic modulations of gap junction channels in melanocytes alter the periodic pattern. Furthermore, the melanocytes instruct the dermal cells to express agouti signaling protein, which induces pheomelanin (yellow pigment) by antagonizing the melanocortin 1 receptor on melanocytes. Our study suggests that melanocytes play an instructive role in melanocyte periodic patterning and that melanocytes and dermal cells may interact further to produce the final stable pigment pattern.

Instructive role of melanocytes during pigment pattern formation of the avian skin