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Significance Human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) human mouse mammary tumor virus-like 2 (HML-2) is the most recently active endogenous retrovirus group in humans. Their proviruses are also found within the genomes of all apes and Old World monkeys; however, no HML-2 provirus is known to be naturally infectious. Although these proviruses seem to be functionally extinct in both humans and chimpanzees, less is known about the profile and activity of HML-2 proviruses in gorillas. Our work here has identified gorilla-specific HML-2 elements that have characteristics consistent with very recent activity, and raises the possibility that gorillas may still contain infectious HML-2 virus. Thus, gorillas could serve as a model for how HML-2 functioned as a virus in humans, as well as shed light on its role in pathogenesis and host–virus evolution.

Gorillas have been infected with the HERV-K (HML-2) endogenous retrovirus much more recently than humans and chimpanzees