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Significance Output characteristics of a neuron are shaped by synaptic inhibition onto its soma and dendrites. These subcellular compartments of direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) receive input from different types of inhibitory neurons, and only dendritic inhibition generates the DSGC’s direction selectivity. Perturbing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release either at all or at selected GABAergic inputs uncovered differential roles for GABAergic transmission on synaptic development at the DSGC’s soma and dendrites. Although dendritic GABAA receptor clustering is largely invariant to transmission loss, somatic receptor clusters can increase in number and size. These findings advance our understanding of the roles of activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms in the development of inhibitory inputs that play separate roles in controlling the output of an individual neuron.

GABA release selectively regulates synapse development at distinct inputs on direction-selective retinal ganglion cells