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Nelson and Masel (1) present a general mathematical model that describes effects of somatic cell changes on aging bounded by juxtaposed loss of cellular vigor and uncontrolled cell growth. The formulation reflects observations on a wide range of multicellular organisms, from Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens , incorporating the Picard–Lindelof and Frobenius theorems, and using the Price equation to describe general effects of intercellular competition over organismal lifespan. The authors propose further comparisons: across taxa, among individuals of the same population, among tissues of the same individual, and across developmental time.Here we document parallel patterns bounded by vigor vs. proliferation developmentally mediated above intercellular levels. Our constructive perspective includes and extends research (2) on a unique human subpopulation defined by the common developmental genetic signature of Down syndrome (DS), trisomy-21. Phenotypically, DS … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: eyl{at}psu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Intercellular competition and levels of development: The plasticity of inevitability