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Marine megafauna, a key component of ocean condition and functioning (1), is increasingly threatened by direct exploitation, incidental capture of nontarget species or bycatch, competition for forage fish by fisheries, pollution, and rapid ongoing climate change (2, 3). Seabirds are particularly at risk and their conservation status has deteriorated faster over recent decades (4). Currently, 31% of the world’s seabird species are listed as threatened on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Red List and 45% of the species of albatrosses, petrels, and shearwaters are threatened (5). However, assessing seabird population status and trends, and proposing management actions require a good understanding of these threats and a quantification of their relative and combined impacts on demography and population dynamics. Although several studies have investigated the effect of individual environmental factors on seabird demographics, most only examined part of the demographic components, few investigated the additive effects of several environmental actors, and even fewer used a multiple species and comparative approach. In PNAS, Pardo et al. (6) address this gap by analyzing nearly all demographic rates (immigration and emigration rates are very challenging to estimate from single-site studies and were not estimated), and by identifying demographic, climate, and anthropogenic drivers of population growth rates, the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period expressed as a fraction of the initial population, of three sympatric albatross species since the early 1980s. The comparative approach and the results presented by Pardo et al. (6) significantly expand our view of ecological processes governing seabird populations and suggest the possibility of a new form of fisheries mitigation.Several statistical methods exist to … [↵][1]1Email: barbraud{at}cebc.cnrs.fr. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Albatrosses hooked in the wind of change