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In Carleton (1) I demonstrate that increases in growing-season temperatures in India contribute to rising suicide rates. In secondary analysis, I show correlational evidence of an agricultural channel, in which heat damages crops and crop losses induce suicide. The concerns raised by Murari et al. (2), Das (3), and Plewis (4) have three common features. First, they fail to acknowledge that I quantify the elevated risk of suicide due to the climate, superimposed upon risks from other factors, such as health, religion, or substance abuse, all of which are accounted for nonparametrically. Second, they focus on the agricultural mechanism, such that their implications have no bearing on the primary findings in Carleton (1). Finally, the authors incorrectly claim that many results recovered from data were assumptions made before analysis. Here I respond to each critique. Across all additional tests, the original findings in Carleton (1) remain unaffected, and often are strengthened.I use annual state-level records with suicides pooled across occupations (1). Murari et al. (2) and Plewis (4) claim that aggregation across farmers and nonfarmers makes identification of climate effects infeasible, as suicides in nonfarmers are unlikely to be climatically influenced. This claim is erroneous. First, there are many avenues through which nonfarmers may be affected, including food prices and labor market changes (5, 6). Second, a signal originating in a subpopulation can in fact be uncovered in a combined sample. Consider aggregate rates of cigarette smoking and lung cancer in a population. If smoking declines, the population-wide cancer rate may fall, despite nonsmokers’ experiencing no change in their cancer likelihood. Similarly, it is possible to uncover a farmer-driven signal in aggregate suicide data. Indeed, if nonfarmers are unaffected by the climate, the average treatment effects uncovered in Carleton (1) represent underestimates of farmer-only effects.Aggregation of suicides … [↵][1]1Email: tcarleton{at}berkeley.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Reply to Plewis, Murari et al., and Das: The suicide–temperature link in India and the evidence of an agricultural channel are robust