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Significance Helminth infection elicits T helper type 2 (Th2) and Treg cells. However, the critical cell subpopulations of Th2 and Treg cells in antihelminth immunity remain unknown. We identified two Th2 cell subpopulations: CXCR6+ ST2+ memory Th2 cells and ST2− memory Th2 cells. Although both subpopulations induced the accumulation of eosinophils into the lungs during helminth infection, those induced by CXCR6+ ST2+ memory Th2 cells expressed high levels of major basic protein (MBP) and contributed to the reduction of fecundity of helminth. This response was suppressed by ST2+ but not ST2− Treg cells, both of which are induced during helminth infection. We, therefore, identified CXCR6+ ST2+ memory Th2 cells as a critical subpopulation to induce accumulation of eosinophils strongly expressing MBP in the lungs.

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

CXCR6 <sup>+</sup> ST2 <sup>+</sup> memory T helper 2 cells induced the expression of major basic protein in eosinophils to reduce the fecundity of helminth

CXCR6 + ST2 + memory T helper 2 cells induced the expression of major basic protein in eosinophils to reduce the fecundity of helminth

CXCR6 ⁺ ST2 ⁺ memory T helper 2 cells induced the expression of major basic protein in eosinophils to reduce the fecundity of helminth