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Scaling laws in ecology, intended both as functional relationships amongecologically-relevant quantities and the probability distributions thatcharacterize their occurrence, have long attracted the interest of empiricistsand theoreticians. Empirical evidence exists of power laws associated with thenumber of species inhabiting an ecosystem, their abundances and traits.Although their functional form appears to be ubiquitous, empirical scalingexponents vary with ecosystem type and resource supply rate. The idea thatecological scaling laws are linked had been entertained before, but the fullextent of macroecological pattern covariations, the role of the constraintsimposed by finite resource supply and a comprehensive empirical verificationare still unexplored. Here, we propose a theoretical scaling framework thatpredicts the linkages of several macroecological patterns related to species'abundances and body sizes. We show that such framework is consistent with thestationary state statistics of a broad class of resource-limited communitydynamics models, regardless of parametrization and model assumptions. We verifypredicted theoretical covariations by contrasting empirical data and providetestable hypotheses for yet unexplored patterns. We thus place the observedvariability of ecological scaling exponents into a coherent statisticalframework where patterns in ecology embed constrained fluctuations.

Covariations in ecological scaling laws fostered by community dynamics