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Synthesis of the 31-amino acid, inner membrane protein MgtS (formerly denoted YneM) is induced by very low Mg 2+ in a PhoPQ-dependent manner in Escherichia coli Here we report that MgtS acts to increase intracellular Mg 2+ levels and maintain cell integrity upon Mg 2+ depletion. Upon development of a functional tagged derivative of MgtS, we found that MgtS interacts with MgtA to increase the levels of this P-type ATPase Mg 2+ transporter under Mg 2+ -limiting conditions. Correspondingly, the effects of MgtS upon Mg 2+ limitation are lost in a ∆ mgtA mutant, and MgtA overexpression can suppress the ∆ mgtS phenotype. MgtS stabilization of MgtA provides an additional layer of regulation of this tightly controlled Mg 2+ transporter and adds to the list of small proteins that regulate inner membrane transporters.

Increasing intracellular magnesium levels with the 31-amino acid MgtS protein