English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

“Mirrors,” she said, “are never to be trusted.” Neil Gaiman, Coraline The ability to recognize oneself in the mirror is often held as evidence of self-awareness. However, children under the age of 2 y and most animals do not behave as if their mirrored reflection represents their own face or body, calling their capacity for self-awareness into doubt. In PNAS, Chang et al. (1) build on prior work (2) to provide further evidence that—with extensive training—rhesus macaques pass the mirror self-recognition test, suggesting this training either uncovers latent self-awareness or teaches the monkeys a new cognitive skill. Have monkeys finally earned a hard-won spot among the few exalted species to display self-awareness? If so, what does mirror self-recognition imply for our understanding of the brain mechanisms that support it? Upon initial exposure to a mirror, most animals react to their reflection as if seeing another animal. Gallup (3) first observed that, after repeated exposure to a mirror, chimpanzees began to interact with it in a more self-directed and less social way. To test whether the chimps actually recognized themselves, Gallup marked the animals’ foreheads with an odorless dye while the chimps were anesthetized. Upon awakening, chimpanzees spontaneously began touching the otherwise imperceptible mark using their reflection in the mirror. Gallup, and many others thereafter, argued that such behavior is a decisive measure of self-awareness. Since Gallup’s pioneering study, the mark procedure has become the litmus test for self-awareness. Human toddlers begin to pass a version of the mark test, not requiring anesthesia, at around 16 mo to 24 mo (4), whereas individuals with certain neuropsychiatric disorders, notably schizophrenia, show impairments in mirror self-recognition (5). In addition to chimpanzees, a menagerie of distantly related species, from elephants to magpies, have passed the mark test (6). Other primates, including gorillas and (previously) …

Can self-awareness be taught? Monkeys pass the mirror test—again