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Photosynthetic organisms face a special challenge. They must absorb large numbers of solar photons to provide the energy to power their metabolism, yet too much energy can be extremely damaging and can lead to rapid cell death (1). Maintaining the balance between too little and too much energy, especially in the face of light intensity fluctuations that can change by orders of magnitude within milliseconds, requires a sophisticated system that has multiple levels of regulation and repair. The challenge is especially complex for oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms, which contain two coupled light-driven reaction centers that must coordinate electron flow despite significantly different kinetic and spectral properties. The job of collecting photons, efficiently distributing the energy to the place where it is needed, and protecting the organism against photodamage falls to the photosynthetic antenna system. These antenna systems are specialized for the absorption of photons and transfer of energy in the form of excited states or excitons to the photosynthetic reaction center, where electron transfer processes begin the long series of processes that lead to long-term energy storage in the form of biomass (2). In many cases, these antenna complexes can be purified away from the reaction centers and their light-absorbing and regulatory properties can be studied in molecular detail. In PNAS, Wang and Moerner (3) have carried out an in-depth analysis of a photosynthetic antenna complex, the allophycocyanin pigment protein found as part of the larger phycobilisome complex in cyanobacteria, revealing in remarkable detail the complexities of the energy transfer …

Structural and functional dynamics of photosynthetic antenna complexes