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Significance This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate intrinsic functional connectivity within the spinal cords of monkeys, replicating and extending recent similar discoveries in humans. Our observations of spatially correlated patterns of MRI signals at rest indicate that neurons in different parts of the spinal horns show synchronized fluctuations in activity at rest just as found in the brain. Injury to the cord disrupts the integrity of this interhorn connectivity within and across spinal segments, showing these intrinsic correlations have functional relevance and mirror behavioral deficits in the injured monkeys. Quantification of the intrinsic functional connectivity within the spine after injury therefore has considerable potential as an imaging biomarker of spinal cord functional integrity, something long needed in clinical practice.

Injury alters intrinsic functional connectivity within the primate spinal cord