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Significance Maintaining diploid-like pairing behavior is essential for a polyploid to establish as a new species. The Pairing homeologous 1 (Ph1 ) gene, regulating such behavior in polyploid wheat, was identified in 1958, but its molecular function remained elusive. The present communication reports identification of the candidatePh1 (C-Ph1 ) gene that is expressed exclusively during meiotic metaphase I, whose silencing resulted in formation of multivalents like thePh1 gene mutations. Although theC-Ph1 gene has three homoeologous copies, the5B copy has diverged in sequence from the other two copies. Heterologous gene silencing of theArabidopsis homologue of theC-Ph1 gene also confirmed its function. Molecular characterization of this gene will make it possible to develop precise alien introgression strategies.

Silencing of a metaphase I-specific gene results in a phenotype similar to that of the Pairing homeologous 1 ( Ph1 ) gene mutations