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Significance Synaptotagmin-1 is the calcium sensor for synchronous neurotransmitter release. It couples calcium influx to the solubleN -ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE)-catalyzed fusion, but how this coupling happens is unknown. Here, using electron microscopy, we report that the cytosolic domain of synaptotagmin can assemble into ring-like oligomers under calcium-free conditions, and these rings disassemble rapidly upon calcium binding. This process suggests a novel but speculative mechanism to explain calcium coupling, in which the synaptotagmin rings separate the vesicle and plasma membranes and prevent the completion of SNARE complex assembly until the influx of calcium.

Calcium sensitive ring-like oligomers formed by synaptotagmin