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Significance The rise in obesity-associated diseases has led to increased efforts to identify new therapeutic targets. Lipid accumulation in obesity triggers a low-grade inflammation that links obesity to its associated diseases, notably insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this report, we have studied a group of innate-like B lymphocytes in visceral white adipose tissue (VAT) of mice that are (i ) capable of producing the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10; (ii ) replenished from precursor cells in spleen during diet-induced obesity (DIO); and (iii ) impaired in VAT of DIO mice, resulting in diminished protection against obesity-associated insulin resistance that can be ameliorated by supplementation of these cells. These findings identify spleen-supplied innate-like B cells in VAT as previously unidentified therapeutic targets for obesity-associated diseases.

Spleen supports a pool of innate-like B cells in white adipose tissue that protects against obesity-associated insulin resistance