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Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity (STSP) strongly affects the neural dynamics ofcortical networks. The Tsodyks and Markram (TM) model for STSP accuratelyaccounts for a wide range of physiological responses at different types ofcortical synapses. Here, we report for the first time a route to chaoticbehavior via a Shilnikov homoclinic bifurcation that dynamically organises someof the responses in the TM model. In particular, the presence of such ahomoclinic bifurcation strongly affects the shape of the trajectories in thephase space and induces highly irregular transient dynamics; indeed, in thevicinity of the Shilnikov homoclinic bifurcation, the number of populationspikes and their precise timing are unpredictable and highly sensitive to theinitial conditions. Such an irregular deterministic dynamics has itscounterpart in stochastic/network versions of the TM model: the existence ofthe Shilnikov homoclinic bifurcation generates complex and irregular spikingpatterns and --acting as a sort of springboard-- facilitates transitionsbetween the down-state and unstable periodic orbits. The interplay between the(deterministic) homoclinic bifurcation and stochastic effects may give rise tosome of the complex dynamics observed in neural systems.

Short-term synaptic plasticity in the deterministic Tsodyks-Markram model leads to unpredictable network dynamics