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Bacteroides fragilis can replicate in atmospheres containing ≤0.05% oxygen, but higher concentrations arrest growth by an unknown mechanism. Here we show that inactivation of a single gene,oxe (i.e., oxygen enabled) inB. fragilis allows for growth in concentrations as high as 2% oxygen while increasing the tolerance of this organism to room air. Known components of the oxidative stress response including theahpC ,kat ,batA-E , andtpx genes were not individually important for microaerobic growth. However, a Δoxe strain scavenged H2 O2 at a faster rate than WT, indicating that reactive oxygen species may play a critical role in limiting growth of this organism to low-oxygen environments. Clinical isolates ofB. fragilis displayed a greater capacity for growth under microaerobic conditions than fecal isolates, with some encoding polymorphisms inoxe . Additionally, isolation of oxygen-enabled mutants ofBacteroides thetaiotaomicron suggests that Oxe may mediate growth arrest of other anaerobes in oxygenated environments.

Inactivation of a single gene enables microaerobic growth of the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis