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We read with interest the PNAS article by Schmid et al. entitled “Modulation of pancreatic islets-stress axis by hypothalamic releasing hormones and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase” (11β-HSD) (1). Although we welcome most of the findings and interpretation, several points raised our concern. i) After analyzing the enlarged digital versions of Fig. 5 A and B, we do not agree with the authors’ conclusion that INS-1 cells had positive expression of 11β-HSD1 mRNA and protein; there was hardly any detectable protein/mRNA band in the Western blot and RT-PCR gel image. More troubling evidence was from Fig. 6A vs. Fig. 6B showing an approxi-mately 27-fold higher level of 11β-HSD2 vs. -HSD1, adding to our doubt whether 11β-HSD1 was expressed in these cells. We therefore disagree with the …

Is 11β-HSD1 expressed in islet β-cells and regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone?