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Adequate activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes is essential for host defense against invading pathogens; however, exaggerated activity of effector CD4+ T cells induces tissue damage, leading to inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Several unique subsets of intestinal innate immune cells have been identified. However, the direct involvement of innate immune cell subsets in the suppression of T-cell-dependent intestinal inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we report that intestinal CX3 C chemokine receptor 1high (CX3 CR1high ) CD11b+ CD11c+ cells are responsible for prevention of intestinal inflammation through inhibition of T-cell responses. These cells inhibit CD4+ T-cell proliferation in a cell contact-dependent manner and prevent T-cell-dependent colitis. The suppressive activity is abrogated in the absence of the IL-10/Stat3 pathway. These cells inhibit T-cell proliferation by two steps. Initially, CX3 CR1high CD11b+ CD11c+ cells preferentially interact with T cells through highly expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; then, they fail to activate T cells because of defective expression of CD80/CD86. The IL-10/Stat3 pathway mediates the reduction of CD80/CD86 expression. Transfer of wild-type CX3 CR1high CD11b+ CD11c+ cells prevents development of colitis in myeloid-specific Stat3-deficient mice. Thus, these cells are regulatory myeloid cells that are responsible for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america

Intestinal CX 3 C chemokine receptor 1 high (CX 3 CR1 high ) myeloid cells prevent T-cell-dependent colitis