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Nematicity, defined as broken rotational symmetry, has recently been observedin competing phases proximate to the superconducting phase in the cuprate hightemperature superconductors. Similarly, the new iron-based high temperaturesuperconductors exhibit a tetragonal to orthorhombic structural transition(i.e. a broken C4 symmetry) that either precedes or is coincident with acollinear spin density wave (SDW) transition in undoped parent compounds, andsuperconductivity arises when both transitions are suppressed via doping.Evidence for strong in-plane anisotropy in the SDW state in this family ofcompounds has been reported by neutron scattering, scanning tunnelingmicroscopy, and transport measurements. Here we present an angle resolvedphotoemission spectroscopy study of detwinned single crystals of arepresentative family of electron-doped iron-arsenide superconductors,Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 in the underdoped region. The crystals were detwinned viaapplication of in-plane uniaxial stress, enabling measurements of single domainelectronic structure in the orthorhombic state. At low temperatures, ourresults clearly demonstrate an in-plane electronic anisotropy characterized bya large energy splitting of two orthogonal bands with dominant dxz and dyzcharacter, which is consistent with anisotropy observed by other probes. Forcompositions x>0, for which the structural transition (TS) precedes themagnetic transition (TSDW), an anisotropic splitting is observed to developabove TSDW, indicating that it is specifically associated with TS. Forunstressed crystals, the band splitting is observed close to TS, whereas forstressed crystals the splitting is observed to considerably highertemperatures, revealing the presence of a surprisingly large in-plane nematicsusceptibility in the electronic structure.

Symmetry breaking orbital anisotropy on detwinned Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 above the spin density wave transition