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Heavy electronic states originating from the f atomic orbitals underlie arich variety of quantum phases of matter. We use atomic scale imaging andspectroscopy with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to examine the novelelectronic states that emerge from the uranium f states in URu2Si2. We findthat as the temperature is lowered, partial screening of the f electrons' spinsgives rise to a spatially modulated Kondo-Fano resonance that is maximalbetween the surface U atoms. At T=17.5 K, URu2Si2 is known to undergo a 2ndorder phase transition from the Kondo lattice state into a phase with a hiddenorder parameter. From tunneling spectroscopy, we identify a spatiallymodulated, bias-asymmetric energy gap with a mean-field temperature dependencethat develops in the hidden order state. Spectroscopic imaging further revealsa spatial correlation between the hidden order gap and the Kondo resonance,suggesting that the two phenomena involve the same electronic states.

Visualizing the Formation of the Kondo Lattice and the Hidden Order in URu2Si2