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Hayashi and Carthew (Nature 431 [2004], 647) have shown that the packing ofcone cells in the Drosophila retina resembles soap bubble packing, and thatchanging E- and N-cadherin expression can change this packing, as well as cellshape.  The analogy with bubbles suggests that cell packing is driven by surfaceminimization. We find that this assumption is insufficient to model theexperimentally observed shapes and packing of the cells based on their cadherinexpression. We then consider a model in which adhesion leads to a surfaceincrease, balanced by cell cortex contraction. Using the experimentallyobserved distributions of E- and N-cadherin, we simulate the packing and cellshapes in the wildtype eye. Furthermore, by changing only the correspondingparameters, this model can describe the mutants with different numbers ofcells, or changes in cadherin expression.

Cell adhesion and cortex contractility determine cell patterning in the Drosophila retina