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As a natural van der Waals crystal, {\alpha}-MoO3 has excellent in-planehyperbolic properties and essential nanophotonics applications. However, itsactively tunable properties are generally neglected. In this work, we achievedactive modulation of spontaneous emission from a single-layer flat plate usingthe rotation method for the first time. Numerical results and theoreticalanalysis show that {\alpha}-MoO3 exhibits good tunability when rotated in they-z or x-y plane. A modulation factor of more than three orders of magnitudecan be obtained at 634 cm-1. However, when the rotation is in the x-z plane,the spontaneous emission of the material exhibits strong angle independence.The theoretical formulation and the physical mechanism analysis explain theabove phenomenon well. In addition, for the semi-infinite {\alpha}-MoO3 flatstructure, we give the distribution of the modulation factor of spontaneousemission with wavenumber and rotation angle. Finally, we extended thecalculation results from semi-infinite media to finite thickness films. Weobtained the general evolution law of the peak angle of the modulation factorwith thickness, increasing the modulation factor to about 2000. We believe thatthe results of this paper can guide the active modulation of spontaneousemission based on anisotropic materials.

Spontaneous emission modulation in biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals material