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“strong AI,” which are essentially machine learning and deep learning, respectively.2 The concept of AI is not new, and researcher Alan Turing, the great British code breaker in the second world war had done considerable work in this field but it was John McCarthy who coined the term AI in 1955.3 This field however remained very limited in its scope because the data was very small. Over a period of time the data has increased exponentially to the current estimate of 4.4’ Zetabytes’ (ZB) and is likely to rise to 44 ZB or 44 trillion Gigabytes (GB) by the year 2020. This is called “big data” and data mining is “data science.” The cost of hard drive per GB has fallen drastically from $50,000/GB in 1980 to 2 cents/GB today. AI is already in use in many industries and web applications. It is expected that 70% of enterprises will implement AI by the end of 2019. AI technology is at an emerging and evolving juncture. India, a growing economy and the second-most populous nation, has a tremendous opportunity to carve its needspecific and robust AI ecosystem. With the inauguration of India’s first dedicated AI research institute4 in Mumbai, and the NITI Aayog the national think tank bringing out a discussion paper on AI in the year 2018, the ground work has been laid down in order to gain an early momentum for India in the global development of AI.5 Taking this forward, the government of India has announced plans to establish a national centre for AI and a national program for AI.This year, the NITI Aayog has drawn up a plan providing Rs. 7,500 crores for creating an institutional framework for AI in the country.6 This has been a much needed impetus for India to catch up with her international peers. Globally, during the last two years, countries like China, the Unites States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and France have announced their national policy positions on AI. It is estimated that by 2030, 26% of the GDP of China and 10% of the GDP of the United Kingdom will be sourced from “AI is the new electricity”—Andrew Ng.

Artificial intelligence (AI)—An Inflection Point In the Global History and its Significance For a National Strategy