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Air embolism is a rare, but severe complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We present two cases of acute stroke after ERCP due to intracranial and spinal air embolism. Our second case is the first report of spinal cord air embolism. A 66-year-old manwith bile duct stricture presented for biliary stent exchange. Oxygen desaturation, ocular deviation, and forehead skin discoloration (●" Fig.1) were noted on change of the patient position from prone to supine. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed left-sided intracardiac air and a patent foramen ovale. The patient was treatedwith hyperbaric oxygen. Computed tomographic angiography revealed air in the pulmonary artery branches (●" Fig.2) and head computed tomography showed air in the cerebral arterial system (●" Fig.3). The patient died after experiencing severe cerebral injury. A 51-year-old woman status post Whipple’s operation underwent ERCP for evaluation of recurrent attacks of pancreatitis. Ocular deviation and paraplegia were noted. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple embolic infarctions of the bilateral posterior parietal lobes (●" Fig.4) and extensive spinal cord infarction from T6 through the conus (●" Fig.5,●" Fig.6). A TTE revealed intra-atrial shunt. The patient was treated with supportive measures. She had complete resolution of the upper extremity weakness, but some residual lower extremity deficits remained. Air embolism at the timeof ERCP can cause cardiovascular, pulmonary, andneurologiFig.1 Forehead skin discoloration.

Acute stroke due to air embolism complicating ERCP