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Eruptive events of solar activity often trigger abrupt variations of thegeomagnetic field. Through the induction of electric currents, humaninfrastructures are also affected, namely the equipment of electric powertransmission networks. It was shown in past studies that the rate of power-gridanomalies may increase after an exposure to strong geomagnetically inducedcurrents. We search for a rapid response of devices in the Czech electricdistribution grid to disturbed days of high geomagnetic activity. Suchdisturbed days are described either by the cumulative storm-time $Dst$ or$d(\textit{SYM-H})/dt$ low-latitude indices mainly influenced by ring currentvariations, by the cumulative $AE$ high-latitude index measuringsubstorm-related auroral current variations, or by the cumulative $ap$mid-latitude index measuring both ring and auroral current variations. We usesuperposed epoch analysis to identify possible increases of anomaly ratesduring and after such disturbed days. We show that in the case of abundantseries of anomalies on power lines, the anomaly rate increases significantlyimmediately (within 1 day) after the onset of geomagnetic storms. In the caseof transformers, the increase of the anomaly rate is generally delayed by 2--3days. We also find that transformers and some electric substations seem to besensitive to a prolonged exposure to substorms, with a delayed increase ofanomalies. Overall, we show that in the 5-day period following the commencementof geomagnetic activity there is an approximately 5--10\% increase in therecorded anomalies in the Czech power grid and thus this fraction of anomaliesis probably related to an exposure to GICs.

Immediate and delayed responses of power lines and transformers in the Czech electric power grid to geomagnetic storms