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The edible land snail  Cornu aspersum , native to the Mediterranean coastlines of North Africa, is widely distributed on most continents and often invasive in areas where introduction is recent. This species could contribute to the geographic spread of parasites as demonstrated for  Brachylaima  spp. These cosmopolitan trematodes may represent a threat to human health, like in Australia where  Brachylaima cribbi  infects humans. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of  Brachylaima  spp. in two French populations of  C. aspersum , Thorigné-Fouillard (Ille-et-Vilaine), and Arçais (Deux-Sèvres), with an overall prevalence of 10.4% (Thorigné-Fouillard) and 73.3% (Arçais), respectively and a metacercarial intensity on average three times higher in Thorigné-Fouillard (37) than in Arçais (11).  Cornu aspersum  may act as a first and second intermediate host, as demonstrated in Arçais. The morphometrics of metacercariae, particularly the great body length about 2 mm, discriminate our  Brachylaima  species from those already described in  C. aspersum  ( B. cribbi  in Australia, and  B. aspersae ,  B. llobregatensis  and  B. mascomai  in Europe). Molecular analysis, based on 28S and COI, suggests the occurrence of two species in our study, one of which is probably  Brachylaima mesostoma , an intestinal parasite of passeriform birds described in Central Europe. We underline the need for further research to identify species of  Brachylaima  in France and measure the health hazard of consuming field-collected snails.

Brachylaima spp. (Trematoda) parasitizing Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda) in France with potential risk of human consumption