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Blastocystis  is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans worldwide. To understand its prevalence and to explore the risk factors for  Blastocystis  in humans in developing countries, a molecular epidemiological investigation of  Blastocystis  was conducted in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border. A total of 461 fecal specimens were collected from 289 Yao people in China and 172 Wa people in Myanmar, together with a questionnaire for each participant. Based on sequence analysis of the partial small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene (barcode region or 260 bp region), an average prevalence of 6.29% (29/461) was observed, with 4.50% (13/289) in Yao people and 9.30% (16/172) in Wa people. Twenty-two  Blastocystis  isolates were successfully subtyped by sequence analysis of the barcode region. Three subtypes were identified: ST1 ( n  = 7), ST3 ( n  = 13) and ST4 ( n  = 2). A statistical difference in the prevalence of  Blastocystis  was only observed between children (12.37%, 12/97) and adults (4.95%, 16/323), and between not washing hands (11.02%, 14/127) and washing hands (4.76%, 15/315) after using toilets, emphasizing the importance and necessity of health education in people in the investigated areas, especially in children.

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Prevalence and subtype distribution of <i>Blastocystis</i> in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border, and assessment of risk factors

Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border, and assessment of risk factors