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Investigation of the parasite-host relationships of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) and E. multilocularis Leuckart, 1863, was begun more than one hundred years ago with the rearing of the adult E. granulosus in experimentally infected dogs by von Siebold (1853), and with the recognition by Zeller (1854) of the protoscolices of the species later designated E. multilocularis in hepatic lesions from a case of « alveolar colloid » of man. Following confirmation of the specific distinction of E. multilocu­ laris and the establishment of the causality of alveolar hydatid disease of man, intensi­ fied study of the Cestodes of the genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801, has placed these Cestodes among the best known of the parasitic helminths. The significance of some of their biological peculiarities has remained controversial, however, because differences between the two comparatively well known species have been frequently misinterpreted. Three species of Echinococcus [E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, and E. oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863)] were recognized as valid by Rausch and Nelson (1963), and two (E. felidis Ortlepp, 1937, and E. patagonicus Szidat, 1960) were considered to be species inqui­ re ndae possibly conspecific with E. granulosus. In his monograph on the suborder Taeniata, Abuladze (1964) followed an earlier revision (Rausch, 1953) in also recognizing E. felidis and E. lycaontis Ortlepp, 1934. Verster (1965) considered both of the latter to be subspecies of E. granulosus. Some investigators (e.g., Rico, 1961, 1963 ; RomeroTorres and Campbell, 1965) do not accept E. multilocularis as being specifically distinct from E. granulosus. In contrast to this, the morphological and biological peculiarities of E. multilocularis led Abuladze (1960) to establish for it the genus Alveococcus Abu­ ladze, 1960 ; the designation Alveococcus multilocularis (Leuckart, 1863) has been

On the Ecology and Distribution of Echinococcus spp. (Cestoda : Taeniidae), and Characteristics of their Development in the Intermediate Host