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Experimentally measured excitation functions are presented for the 197 Au(p,n) 197m Hg, 197 Au(p,pn) 196 Au, 197 Au(p,3n) 195m Hg, 197 Au(p,p3n) 194 Au and 197 Au(p,5n) 193m Hg nuclear reactions up to 70MeV. The new data are compared with published values, where available. Based on cubic spline fits through the data of the most reliable experimental data sets, recommended excitation function curves are suggested for the above nuclear processes. Gold is frequently used as a target backing material in nuclear physics experiments as well as in nuclear data measurements for radioisotope production. Irradiation of gold with protons results in several nuclear processes (forming radioactive iso- topes of Au and Hg) that can be potentially useful for beam en- ergy and intensity monitoring. As already shown in an earlier study (see ref. (1)), the reactions 197 Au(p,n) 197m Hg and 197 Au(p,pn) 196 Au are useful for proton beam monitoring be- low 30MeV. In this work, we further investigated the excita- tion functions of the Au+p reactions with the aim of extending the applicability of this monitor material up to 70MeV. 2 Experimental The cross sections were measured using the conventional stacked-foil method. One stack, containing 21 pieces of high- purity gold foils (99.99%, supplied by Goodfellow Metals), was irradiated with an external proton beam supplied by the separated sector cyclotron of iThemba LABS. The gold foil thickness of 4.86 µm was accurately determined by measuring the energy degradation of alpha particles emitted from a 228 Th source. The stack also contained high-purity Al and Cu degrader foils to obtain well spaced proton energies across the entire investigated energy region. The incident bombarding energy was 65.4 ± 0.4MeV. The irradiation time was 3.3h with an average beam current of 50nA. Decay data such as half-lives, γ-ray energies, branching ratios, etc., were obtained from ref. (2). The activities induced in the irradiated foils were measured by means of standard, off-line γ-ray spectroscopy, utilizing an accurately calibrated HPGe detector with a relative efficiency of 13% and a resolution of 1.7keV for γ-rays of 1.3MeV. No chemical separations were performed. The combined uncertainty of the measured cross sections varied between 12% and 15%.

Application of Au + p nuclear reactions for proton beam monitoring up to 70 MeV