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The performance of the solar photovoltaic panels relies on its direction and tilt angle with respect to the horizontal to obtain better conversion efficiency. The tilt angle of the PV panel needs to be in proper location and position to obtain maximum power output from photovoltaics. The optimum tilt angle is generally calculated based on global, diffused, and direct radiation on the horizontal surface. This study focuses on the concept of the optimal tilt angle that improves the performance of the PV panel. The paper discusses the MATLAB mathematical modelling and experimental validation conducted at Nitte, India to determine the optimal tilt angle of PV panels of the region for maximum solar radiation. The investigation also includes the effect of three different types of reflectors on the PV panel for the obtained optimal tilt angle. The experimental results show that to get the optimum power output, the tilt angle needs to be changed every month. Hence monthly optimal tilt must be chosen for optimum power output. The results showed a PV panel with a focused mirror reflector produced higher power output compared to aluminum and stainless-steel reflectors.

An Experimental and Mathematical investigation of optimal tilt angle and effects of reflectors on PV energy production