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In this research, bio-oil is produced from pine wood bark waste biomass through pyrolysis using Cr/ clay catalyst. This research aims to produce bio-oil from bark of pine with Cr/ clay catalyst as an alternative fuel. The effect of the ratio of catalyst Cr/ clay weight to biomass and influence of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay as catalyst were investigated. Then, the characterisation of physical and chemical characteristics of crude bio-oil produced were measured. For each of the pyrolysis runs, 50 g of pine bark having -100+200 mesh, the Cr/ clay catalysts having weight variations to biomass of 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively, and then variation of Chromium (Cr) impregnation on clay of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, were used. For any experimental run, 500 ml of silinap was added to the pyrolysis reactor as thermal homogenized aid. Pyrolysis process was carried out for 120 minutes at 320 o C and having stirring speed 300 rpm. As a result, the greatest percentage of bio-oil yield of 65.77% was given of the run having Cr/ clay catalysts 7% and 3% of impregnated Chrome content. Characterisation measurement of bio-oil of physical properties was obtained as follows: density 0.812 g/ml, viscosity 0.902 cSt, acidity 7.626 mg.NaOH/gram, and flash point 31 o C, respectively. In addition, the chemical characteristics of the bio-oil were obtained using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS): analysis found several chemical components as follows, such 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, Cyclohexane, 1-methyl-2-penthyl, Octadecanoic acid, 2-Pentene, 24.4-trimethyl, and Cyclohexane, 3- (3,3-dimethylbutyl).

Pyrolysation of Pine Merkusii wood bark wastes to produce crude bio-oil using chrome-clay, cr/ clay catalyst as an alternative energy