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The information on pygmy resonances reveals new aspects on the isospindynamics of the nucleus with important astrophysical consequences. In thisconnection, the precise knowledge of nuclear response functions plays a keyrole in the determination of photonuclear reactions cross sections which are ofimportance for the synthesis of heavy neutron-rich elements. For that purpose,a theoretical method based on density functional theory and multi-phononapproach is applied for investigations of nuclear excitations with differentmultipolarities and energies in stable and exotic nuclei. The possible relationof low-energy modes to the properties of neutron or proton skins issystematically investigated for isotonic and isotopic chains. Our studies ofdipole and quadrupole response functions and the corresponding transitiondensities indicate new pygmy dipole and pygmy quadrupole resonances, describingoscillations of the nuclear skin. Also, the presence of skins is found toaffect the magnetic response of nuclei.

Nuclear pygmy modes and the dynamics of the nuclear skin