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Changes occurring in the rumen after excessive intake of starch have been studied extensively, but little is known about the critical changes during stepwise adaptation from low to high concentrate diets. Under these unsteady ruminal conditions, the ruminal pH drops, lactic acid becomes an important intermediate metabolite in the fermentation pathway, and can accumulate rapidly (Mackie and Gilchrist, 1979, Appl Environ Microbiol, 38, 422-436). Moreover, Williams et al (1991, J Anim Sci, 69, 3016-3026) show the role of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), on the stabilization of ruminal fermentation. The objective of this study was to provide additional informations on this effect of yeast during stepwise adaptation. The effect of the addition of SC (10! CFU/ml of rumen contents) was studied with 4 ruminally fistulated wethers in a 2 x 2 Latin square design. All diets were fed twice daily at the level of 850 g dry matter. The initial diet contained 90% hay and 10% soya meal. At weekly intervals and during 5 weeks, increasing proportions of hay were replaced by ground barley until the final diet contained 70% barley, 20% hay and 10% soyameal. During the 5 adaptation weeks, ruminal liquid was collected using a suction pump 1 h before feeding, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding on 2 consecutive days of each week. Ruminal liquid pH was measured immediately after sampling, Dand L-lactic acids were determined enzymatically and volatile fatty acids (VFA) by gas liquid chromatography (Jouany, 1992, Sci Alim, 2, 131-144). The pH decreased when the grain content in the diet increased, and reached the lowest values 3 h after feeding irrespective of the diet. The presence of SC increased significantly the mean ruminal pH (5.87 vs 5.53) on the 70% grain diet (70 diet). Lactic acid appeared in large proportions in the rumen only on 70 diet with a peak about 2 h after the meal of barley. Both Dand L-lactic acids were found, the Disomer constituting from 50 to 90% of the total

Effect of yeast culture, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on ruminal fermentation during adaptation to high-concentrate feeding