English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

According to current evidence the water inventory of Earth (and perhapssimilar exoplanets) was transported inwards via (giant) collisions during thechaotic final phase of planet formation. In dynamical simulations waterdelivery is still studied almost exclusively by assuming oversimplified perfectmerging (PM), even though it is particularly prone to collisional transfer andloss. To close this gap we have developed a framework to model collisionalwater transport by direct combination of long-term N-body computations withdedicated 3D SPH simulations for each collision. Post-collision waterinventories are self-consistently traced further, in accretionary or erosive aswell as hit-and-run encounters. The latter are frequent outcomes amongprotoplanets, where besides collisional losses, water transfer between theencountering bodies has to be considered. This hybrid approach enables us forthe first time to trace the full dynamical and collisional evolution of ~200bodies throughout the whole late-stage accretion phase (several 100 Myrs). As afirst application we choose a Solar System-like architecture, with alreadyformed giant planets on either circular or eccentric orbits and a debris diskspanning from 0.5 - 4 au. Realistic collision treatment leads to considerablydifferent results than PM, with lower mass planets and water inventoriesreduced by a factor of two or more. Due to a combination of collisional lossesand considerably lengthened accretion, final water contents especially withgiant planets on circular orbits are strongly reduced to more Earth-likevalues. Water delivery to potentially habitable planets is dominated by fewdecisive collisions, mostly with embryo-sized or larger bodies. The highfrequency of hit-and-run, with generally low water (and mass) transferefficiencies, are a crucial part of this process, and of system-wide evolutionin general.

Realistic collisional water transport during terrestrial planet formation: Self-consistent modeling by an N-body--SPH hybrid code