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This paper presents the spatially resolved star formation history (SFH) ofnearby galaxies with the aim of furthering our understanding of the differentprocesses involved in the formation and evolution of galaxies. To this end, weapply the fossil record method of stellar population synthesis to a rich anddiverse data set of 436 galaxies observed with integral field spectroscopy inthe CALIFA survey. The sample covers a wide range of Hubble types, with stellarmasses ranging from $M_\star \sim 10^9$ to $7 \times 10^{11} M_\odot$. Spectralsynthesis techniques are applied to the datacubes to retrieve the spatiallyresolved time evolution of the star formation rate (SFR), its intensity($\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$), and other descriptors of the 2D-SFH in seven bins ofgalaxy morphology (E, S0, Sa, Sb, Sbc, Sc, and Sd), and five bins of stellarmass. Our main results are: a) Galaxies form very fast independently of theircurrent stellar mass, with the peak of star formation at high redshift ($z >2$). Subsequent star formation is driven by $M_\star$ and morphology, with lessmassive and later type spirals showing more prolonged periods of starformation. b) At any epoch in the past the SFR is proportional to $M_\star$,with most massive galaxies having the highest absolute (but lowest specific)SFRs. c) While nowadays $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$ is similar for all spirals, andsignificantly lower in early type galaxies (ETG), in the past $\Sigma_{\rmSFR}$ scales well with morphology. The central regions of today's ETGs arewhere $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$ reached the highest values ($> 10^3\,M_\odot\,$Gyr$^{-1}\,$pc$^{-2}$), similar to those measured in high redshiftstar forming galaxies. d) The evolution of $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$ in Sbc systemsmatches that of models for Milky-Way-like galaxies, suggesting that theformation of a thick disk may be a common phase in spirals at early epochs.

The spatially-resolved star formation histories of CALIFA galaxies: Implications for galaxy formation