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The mesosphere of Venus is a critical range of altitudes in which complextemperature variability has been extensively studied by the space mission VenusExpress (Vex) during its eight-years mission (2006-2014). Data collected atdifferent epochs and latitudes show evidence of short and medium timescalevariability as well as latitudinal differences. Spatial and temporalvariability is also predicted in mesospheric and thermosphere terminator modelswith lower boundary conditions at 70 km near cloud tops. The Venus transit onJune 5-6 2012 was the first to occur with a spacecraft in orbit around Venus.It has been shown that sunlight refraction in the mesosphere of Venus is ableto provide useful constraints on mesospheric temperatures at the time of thetransit. The European Space Agency's Venus Express provided space-basedobservations of Venus during the transit. Simultaneously, the Venus aureolephotometry was observed using ground-based facilities and solar telescopesorbiting Earth (NASA Solar Dynamic Observatory, JAXA HINODE). As the propertiesof spatial and temporal variability of the mesosphere are still debated, theopportunity of observing it at all latitudes at the same time, offered by thetransit, is rather unique. In this first paper, we establish new methods foranalyzing the photometry of the so-called aureole that is produced byrefraction of the solar light, and we investigate the choice of physical modelsthat best reproduce the observations. We obtain an independent constraint of4.8 +/- 0.5 km for the aerosol scale height in the upper haze region above 80km. We show that a full multiple-layer approach is required to adequatelyreproduce the aureole photometry, which appears to be sensitive to severalsecond-order variations in the vertical refractivity.

Multilayer modeling of the aureole photometry during the Venus transit: comparison between SDO/HMI and VEx/SOIR data