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This paper presents a spectral survey of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) inthe NIR range, from 0.9 to 2.5 micron. The observations were designed to detectnew DIBs, confirm previously proposed NIR DIBs, and characterise theirbehaviour with respect to known line-of-sight properties (including the opticalDIBs present in our spectra). X-shooter at the VLT was used to obtainedmedium-resolution spectra of eight known DIB targets and one telluric referencestar. In addition to the known 9577, 9632, 10780, 11797, and 13175 AngstromsNIR DIBs, we confirm 9 out of the 13 NIR DIBs that were presented by Geballeand co-workers in 2011. Furthermore, we report 12 new NIR DIB candidates. Thestrengths of the strongest NIR DIBs show a general correlation with reddening,E(B-V), but with a large scatter. Several NIR DIBs are more strongly correlatedwith the 5780 Angstroms DIB strength than with E(B-V); this is especially thecase for the 15268 Angstroms DIB. The NIR DIBs are strong: the summedequivalent widths of the five strongest NIR DIBs represent a few percent of thetotal equivalent width of the entire average DIB spectrum (per unit reddening).The NIR DIBs towards the translucent cloud HD 147889 are all weak with respectto the general trend. No direct match was found between observed NIR DIBs andlaboratory matrix-isolation spectroscopic data of PAHs. The strong correlationbetween the 5780-15268 DIB pair implies that (Nf)_5780 / (Nf)_15268 = 14.However, the reduced strength of the 15268 Angstroms DIB in HD 147889 rules outa common carrier for these two DIBs. Since the ionisation fraction for smallPAHs in this translucent cloud is known to be low compared to diffuse clouds,the weakness of the 15268 Angstrom DIB suggests that an ionised species couldbe the carrier of this NIR DIB. (abridged).

VLT/X-shooter survey of near-infrared diffuse interstellar bands