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While fewer in number than the dominant rotation-powered radio pulsarpopulation, peculiar classes of isolated neutron stars (INSs) -- which includemagnetars, the ROSAT-discovered "Magnificent Seven" (M7), rotating radiotransients (RRATs), and central compact objects in supernova remnants (CCOs) --represent a key element in understanding the neutron star phenomenology. Wereport the results of an observational campaign to study the properties of thesource 2XMM J104608.7-594306. Its evolutionary state is investigated by meansof deep dedicated observations obtained with XMM-Newton, the ESO Very LargeTelescope, as well as publicly available gamma-ray data from the Fermi andAGILE missions. The observations confirm previous expectations and reveal aunique type of object. The source, which is likely within the Carina Nebula,has a soft spectrum with absorption features and no magnetospheric emission.The optical counterpart is fainter than V=27 and no gamma-ray emission issignificantly detected. Very interestingly, while these characteristics areremarkably similar to those of the M7 or the only RRAT so far detected inX-rays, which all have spin periods of a few seconds, we found intriguingevidence of very rapid rotation, P=18.6 ms. We interpret these new results inthe light of the observed properties of the currently known neutron starpopulation, in particular those of standard rotation-powered pulsars, recycledobjects, and CCOs. We find that none of these scenarios can satisfactorilyexplain the collective properties of 2XMM J104608.7-594306, although it may berelated to the still poorly known class of Galactic anti-magnetars. FutureXMM-Newton data, granted for the next cycle of observations (AO11), will helpus to improve our current observational interpretation of the source, enablingus to significantly constrain the rate of pulsar spin down.

The peculiar isolated neutron star in the Carina Nebula - Deep XMM-Newton and ESO-VLT observations of 2XMM J104608.7-594306