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We present a multi-wavelength study of galaxy populations in the core of themassive, X-ray luminous cluster XMMU J2235 at z=1.39, based on VLT and HSToptical and near-infrared photometry. Luminosity functions in the z, H, and Ksbands show a faint-end slope consistent with being flat, and a characteristicmagnitude M* close to passive evolution predictions of M* of local massiveclusters, with a formation redshift z>2. The color-magnitude and color-massdiagrams show evidence of a tight red sequence of massive galaxies, withoverall old stellar populations, generally early-type morphology, typicallyshowing early-type spectral features and rest-frame far-UV emission consistentwith very low star formation rates (SFR<0.2Msun/yr). Star forming spectroscopicmembers, with SFRs of up to ~100Msun/yr, are all located at clustercentricdistances >~250kpc, with the central cluster region already appearingeffectively quenched. Massive galaxies in the core of this cluster appear to bein an advanced evolutionary stage in terms of both star formation and massassembly. The high-mass end of the galaxy stellar mass function is essentiallyalready in place, and the stellar mass fraction estimated within r500 (~1%,Kroupa IMF) is already similar to that of local massive clusters. On the otherhand, morphological analysis of the massive red sequence galaxies suggests thatthey are smaller than similarly massive local early-types. While possiblyaffected by systematics and biases, this result might imply that, in spite ofthe overall early assembly of these sources, their evolution is not complete,and processes like minor (and likely dry) merging might still shape theirstructural properties to resemble those of their local counterparts, withoutsubstantially affecting their stellar mass or host stellarpopulations.[abridged]

Cluster galaxies in XMMU J2235-2557: galaxy population properties in most massive environments at z~1.4