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Photoactive europium doped titanium dioxide (Eu:TiO2) thin films were grown by a matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation technique. TiO2 and Eu cation-adsorbed TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) sols were used as starting materials. The sols were synthesized by a colloidal sol–gel route. In order to obtain solid targets, the sols were cooled down until solidification in liquid nitrogen. The irradiation of the solid targets was performed in a controlled oxygen atmosphere using an UV KrF* (λ = 248 nm, τFWHM ≤ 25 ns, ν = 10 Hz) excimer laser source. The NPs were transferred and deposited onto solid substrates placed in the front of the frozen targets, forming continuous thin films. The as-grown undoped and Eu:TiO2 thin films were submitted to post-deposition thermal treatments. The surface morphology, crystalline structure, and chemical composition of the thin films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Functional optical properties of the films were investigated by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and photoluminescence as a function of dopant concentration in the TiO2 host and annealing temperature. A direct correlation was established between the processing conditions, films structure, chemical composition and oxidation states studied both at the top surface and in-depth as well as their functional, optical properties. Eu doping induces a blue-shift of the absorption edge with respect to the as-grown samples. Under visible light excitation (λ = 488 nm, emitted by an Ar+ laser source), the Eu:TiO2 samples show characteristic photoluminescence corresponding to the 5D0 → 7Fi (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions of Eu+ ions in the visible spectral range. The samples treated at the highest annealing temperature are characterized by strong photoluminescence emission, high transmittance in the VIS-NIR spectral regions, and high refractive index.The authors thank the financial support of the Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation of the Romanian Ministry of Education and Scientific Research under the contract PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-1043 and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project ENE2014-56109-C3-3-R. ICMAB acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV- 2015-0496). I. C. and M. B. thank the financial support of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas for PhD Grants JAE-Pre-201100578 and JAE-Pre-083.Peer reviewe

Structure-property relationships for Eu doped TiO2 thin films grown by a laser assisted technique from colloidal sols

Structure-property relationships for Eu doped TiO₂ thin films grown by a laser assisted technique from colloidal sols