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Arabidopsis  SIZ1 encodes a SUMO E3 ligase to regulate abiotic and biotic stress responses. Among SIZ1 or mammalian PIAS orthologs, plant SIZ1 proteins contain the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a C 4 HC 3  zinc finger. Here, we investigated the importance of PHD of  Arabidopsis  SIZ1. The  Pro   SIZ1   ::SIZ1(ΔPHD):GFP  was unable to complement growth retardation, ABA hypersensitivity, and the cold-sensitive phenotype of the  siz1  mutant, but  Pro   SIZ1   ::SIZ1:GFP  could. Substitution of C162S in the PHD finger was unable to complement the  siz1  mutation. Tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3) was recognized by PHD, not by PHD(C162S).  WRKY70  was up-regulated in the  siz1-2  mutant and H3K4me3 accumulated at high levels in the  WRKY70  promoter. PHD interacts with ATX, which mediates methylation of histone, probably leading to suppression of ATX’s function. These results suggest that the PHD finger of SIZ1 is important for recognition of the histone code and is required for SIZ1 function and transcriptional suppression.

The PHD finger of Arabidopsis SIZ1 recognizes trimethylated histone H3K4 mediating SIZ1 function and abiotic stress response