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Interaction between innate immune cells and parasite plays a key role in the immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis. Despite being professional antigen presenting cells critical for the pathogen recognition, processing and presenting the antigens for mounting T cell responses, the dendritic cell response and its role in initiating CD4 +  T cell response to filaria, in particular  Wuchereria bancrofti , the most prevalent microfilaria is still not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that a 70 kDa phosphorylcholine-binding  W. bancrofti  sheath antigen induces human dendritic cell maturation and secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, microfilarial sheath antigen-stimulated dendritic cells drive predominantly Th1 and regulatory T cell responses while Th17 and Th2 responses are marginal. Mechanistically, sheath antigen-induced dendritic cell maturation, and Th1 and regulatory T cell responses are mediated via toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Our data suggest that  W. bancrofti  sheath antigen exploits dendritic cells to mediate distinct CD4 +  T cell responses and immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis.

Wuchereria bancrofti filaria activates human dendritic cells and polarizes T helper 1 and regulatory T cells via toll-like receptor 4