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1,5-diphenylpent-4-en-1-one derivatives were synthesised using the grindstone method with Cu(II)-tyrosinase used as a catalyst. This method showed a high yield under mild reaction conditions. The synthesised compounds were identified by FTIR,  1 H NMR,  13 C NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. In this study, a total of 17 compounds ( 1a–1q ) were synthesised, and their larvicidal and antifeedant activities were evaluated. Compound  1i  (1-(5-oxo-1,5-diphenylpent-1-en-3-yl)-3-(3-phenylallylidene)thiourea) was notably more active (LD 50 : 28.5 µM) against  Culex quinquefasciatus  than permethrin(54.6 µM) and temephos(37.9 µM), whereas compound  1i  at 100 µM caused 0% mortality in  Oreochromis mossambicus  within 24 h in an antifeedant screening, with ichthyotoxicity determined as the death ratio (%) at 24 h. Compounds  1a ,  1e, 1f ,  1j , and  1k  were found to be highly toxic, whereas  1i  was not toxic in antifeedant screening. Compound  1i  was found to possess a high larvicidal activity against  C. quinquefasciatus  and was non-toxic to non-target aquatic species. Molecular docking studies also supported the finding that  1i  is a potent larvicide with higher binding energy than the control (− 10.0 vs. − 7.6 kcal/mol) in the 3OGN protein. Lead molecules are important for their larvicidal properties and application as insecticides.

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Tyrosinase-mediated synthesis of larvicidal active 1,5-diphenyl pent-4-en-1-one derivatives against Culex quinquefasciatus and investigation of their ichthyotoxicity