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Cultivated tomato  Solanum lycopersicum  ( Slyc ) is sensitive to water shortages, while its wild relative  Solanum peruvianum  L. ( Sper ), an herbaceous perennial small shrub, can grow under water scarcity and soil salinity environments. Plastic  Sper  modifies the plant architecture when suffering from drought, which is mediated by the replacement of leaf organs, among other changes. The early events that trigger acclimation and improve these morphological traits are unknown. In this study, a physiological and transcriptomic approach was used to understand the processes that differentiate the response in  Slyc  and  Sper  in the context of acclimation to stress and future consequences for plant architecture. In this regard, moderate (MD) and severe drought (SD) were imposed, mediating PEG treatments. The results showed a reduction in water and osmotic potential during stress, which correlated with the upregulation of sugar and proline metabolism-related genes. Additionally, the senescence-related genes FTSH6 protease and asparagine synthase were highly induced in both species. However, GO categories such as “protein ubiquitination” or “endopeptidase inhibitor activity” were differentially enriched in  Sper  and  Slyc , respectively. Genes related to polyamine biosynthesis were induced, while several cyclins and kinetin were downregulated in  Sper  under drought treatments. Repression of photosynthesis-related genes was correlated with a higher reduction in the electron transport rate in  Slyc  than in  Sper . Additionally, transcription factors from the ERF, WRKY and NAC families were commonly induced in  Sper . Although some similar responses were induced in both species under drought stress, many important changes were detected to be differentially induced. This suggests that different pathways dictate the strategies to address the early response to drought and the consequent episodes in the acclimation process in both tomato species.

scientific reports

Early transcriptional responses in Solanum peruvianum and Solanum lycopersicum account for different acclimation processes during water scarcity events