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Anaplasma  species, which are distributed worldwide, are gram-negative obligate intracellular tick-borne bacteria that pose a threat to human and animal health.  Haemaphysalis longicornis  ticks play a vital role as vectors in the transmission of  Anaplasma  pathogens. However, the  Anaplasma  species carried by  H. longicornis  in China are yet to be characterized. In this study, 1074  H. longicornis  specimens were collected from goats in four provinces of China from 2018 to 2019 and divided into 371 sample pools. All tick sample pools were examined for the presence of  Anaplasma  species via nested PCR amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA, major surface protein 4 ( msp4 ), or citric acid synthase ( gltA ) genes, which were sequenced to determine the molecular and phylogenetic characteristics of the isolates. The overall  Anaplasma  spp-positive rate of  H. longicornis  was determined to be 26.68% (99/371). The percentage prevalence of  A. phagocytophilum -like1,  A. bovis ,  A. ovis ,  A. marginale , and  A. capra  were 1.08% (4/371), 13.21% (49/371), 13.21% (49/371), 1.35% (5/371), and 10.24% (38/371), respectively, and the co-infection rate of two or more types of  Anaplasma  was 6.47% (24/371). Phylogenetic analyses led to the classification of  A. phagocytophilum  into an  A. phagocytophilum -like1 ( Anaplasma  sp. Japan) group.  Anaplasma bovis  sequences obtained in this study were 99.8–100% identical to those of an earlier strain isolated from a Chinese tick (GenBank accession no. KP314251).  Anaplasma ovis  sequences showed 99.3–99.6% identity to an  A. ovis  human strain identified from a Cypriot patient (GenBank accession no. FJ460443). Only one  msp4  sequence of  A. marginale  was detected and was grouped with those of other  A. marginale  isolates, and these  A. capra  isolates obtained in this present study may be zoonotic. The detection and characterization of four  Anaplasma  species in  H. longicornis  in this study have added to the current knowledge of the parasite and provided data on multiple  Anaplasma  species with veterinary and medical significance from four provinces of China.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of Anaplasma spp. in Haemaphysalis longicornis from goats in four provinces of China