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Euglena gracilis  is widely utilized as food or supplement to promote human and animal health, as it contains rich nutrients. In this study, we administered spray-dried powder of  E. gracilis  and paramylon, β-glucan stored in  E. gracilis  cells, to  A4gnt  knockout (KO) mice.  A4gnt  KO mice are a mutant mouse model that spontaneously develops gastric cancer through hyperplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in the antrum of the stomach, and we observed the effects of  E. gracilis  and paramylon on the early involvements of  A4gnt  KO mice. Male and female 10-week-old  A4gnt  KO mice and their age-matched wildtype C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 50 mg of  E. gracilis  or paramylon suspended in saline or saline as a control. After 3-week administration, animals were euthanatized and the stomach was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Gene expression patterns of the stomach, which have been reported to be altered with  A4gnt  KO, and IgA concentration in small intestine were also analyzed with real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Administration of  Euglena  significantly reduced the number of stimulated CD3-positive T-lymphocytes in pyloric mucosa of  A4gnt  KO mice and tend to reduce polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration.  Euglena  administration further downregulated the expression of  Il11  and  Cxcl1  of  A4gnt  KO mice.  Euglena  administration also affected IgA concentration in small intestinal contents of  A4gnt  KO mice. Paramylon administration reduced the number of CD3-positive lymphocytes in pyloric mucosa of  A4gnt  KO mice, and downregulated the expressions of  Il11  and  Ccl2  of  A4gnt  KO mice. Although we found no significant effects on gross and microscopic signs of gastric dysplasia and cell proliferation, the present study suggests that the administration of  Euglena  and paramylon may ameliorate the early involvements of  A4gnt  mice through the effects on inflammatory reactions in the gastric mucosa. The cancer-preventing effects should be studied with long-term experiments until actual gastric cancer formation.

Effects of orally administered Euglena gracilis and its reserve polysaccharide, paramylon, on gastric dysplasia in A4gnt knockout mice