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The mouse ( Mus musculus ) is an extensively used model of human disease and responses to stresses such as ionizing radiation. As part of our work developing gene expression biomarkers of radiation exposure, dose, and injury, we have found many genes are either up-regulated (e.g.  CDKN1A, MDM2, BBC3 , and  CCNG1 ) or down-regulated (e.g.  TCF4  and  MYC ) in both species after irradiation at ~4 and 8 Gy. However, we have also found genes that are consistently up-regulated in humans and down-regulated in mice (e.g.  DDB2, PCNA, GADD45A, SESN1, RRM2B, KCNN4, IFI30 , and  PTPRO ). Here we test a hematopoietically humanized mouse as a potential  in vivo  model for biodosimetry studies, measuring the response of these 14 genes one day after irradiation at 2 and 4 Gy, and comparing it with that of human blood irradiated  ex vivo , and blood from whole body irradiated mice. We found that human blood cells in the hematopoietically humanized mouse  in vivo  environment recapitulated the gene expression pattern expected from human cells, not the pattern seen from  in vivo  irradiated normal mice. The results of this study support the use of hematopoietically humanized mice as an  in vivo  model for screening of radiation response genes relevant to humans.

Discordant gene responses to radiation in humans and mice and the role of hematopoietically humanized mice in the search for radiation biomarkers