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Dental caries is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. It is caused by the cariogenic biofilms composed of multiple dynamic bacteria on dental surface.  Streptococcus mutans  and  Streptococcus sanguinis  are resident members within the biofilms and an antagonistic relationship has been shown between these two species.  S. mutans , as the major causative microorganism of dental caries, has been reported to be inhibited by free D-cysteine (D-Cys). However, whether D-Cys could affect  S. sanguinis  and the interspecies relationship between  S. mutans  and  S. sanguinis  remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of D-Cys on the growth and cariogenicity of dual-species biofilms formed by  S. mutans  and  S. sanguinis . We measured dual-species biofilms biomass, metabolic activity, lactate production. We also detected the biofilms structure, the ratio of live/dead bacteria, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis and bacterial composition in the dual-species biofilms. We found that D-Cys could reduce the metabolic activity and lactic acid production of dual-species biofilms ( p <  0.05). In addition, biofilms formation, the proportion of  S. mutans  in dual-species biofilms, and EPS synthesis were decreased with D-Cys treatment. The results suggested that D-Cys could inhibit the growth and cariogenic virulence of dual-species biofilms formed by  S. mutans  and  S. sanguinis , indicating the potential of D-Cys in clinical application for caries prevention and treatment.

Effect of D-cysteine on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis